Journal 5 " Humanism "

We already know about behaviorism,  cognitivism, and constructivism learning theory. We have discuss it in my previous journal, you can check  them J. But now we will discuss different theory that is humanism learning theory. Of course that is different with the previous theory. So without further ado let’s go to the theory.

Humanism is a paradigm / philosophy / pedagogical approach that believes learning is viewed as a personal act to fulfill one’s potential. Focuses on the human freedom, dignity, and potential. So humanism learning theory is emphasize in self development and focus on self potential. Every individual have different potential and talents. Impossible if everyone in this world have same talent and skills, it must be different in every person. The way to develop self potential is give freedom to them to choose what they learn and how they learn. It will be different in each person but they will enjoy it and can train their self potential. We have four figures that develop humanism.

Erik Erkson

He state that personality develops in predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy trough adult hood. He has stages of psychosocial development.

In that stages there are order from infant to older adult. In each stage exist psychosocial crisis it can be positive or negative, the positive crisis are on the top and the negative are on the bottom. A person get positive or negative crisis is determine on their personality, mental, and also their environment. Example, in infant stage the baby is only can cry if they are hungry, when they are crying is there someone come and feed them or no one will come. If there are someone come the baby will trust to that person and if nobody come the baby will have mistrust. Next in toddler stage the baby is no longer con only cry, they have also can walk, speak, playing, etc. they can do some activity by their own self. If they have courage to do the activity by their self it means they have autonomy/independence, but if they can’t do that  it means they have shame and doubt.

Abraham Maslow

He makes hierarchy of needs

There are five points of human needs. In the bottom that is physiological needs it’s the basic needs and on the top is self-actualization it’s the highest stage. If we want to reach self-actualization we must complete the basic needs. Each step must be fulfilled until we reach self-actualization.

Howard Gardner

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that people are not born with all of the intelligence they will ever have. There are eight different types of intelligence. Every person has their own intelligences and it can’t be same one and the other. This theory against the traditional notion that there is one single type of intelligence called general intelligence that only focuses on cognitive intelligence. Sometimes in school only focuses on cognitive intelligence and not attach importance in another intelligence, but now is already change, school has provide activity or learning about another intelligence like music, art, etc.

            Thomas Malone & Mark Lepper

            They made game that motivate player to engage in problem solving and critical thinking. There are four factors that can motivate in individual :

§  Challenge

§  Curiosity

§  Control

§  Fantasy

There are three interpersonal motivate factors (between people) :

§  Cooperation

§  Competition

§  Recognition

There are strategies to motivate people :

§  Attention

§  Relevance

§  Confidence

§  Satisfaction

 

If we use all of that point we can make a game that very attractive to play with and also can very beneficial if we use learning in that game, because we can learning and playing in one time. 

I think humanism is good to know about our self. The learning methods are be adapted with our own ability. It can be good and bad because the learning result can be different in each student, and the teacher should give extra effort because we must see things from the child point of view. The question is, how to overcome the student who have difficulties to understand the material because they must learn by self directed.

 

 

Sources & Reference:

David L, "Humanism," in Learning Theories, March 3, 2020, https://www.learning-theories.com/humanism.html.

 

Marenus, M. (2020, June 09). Gardner's theory of multiple intelligencesy. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/multiple-intelligences.html

 

https://instructionaldesignfusions.wordpress.com/2011/08/20/a-taxonomy-of-motivation-and-game-design/

 

McLeod, S. A. (2018, May 03). Erik erikson's stages of psychosocial development. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html