Journal 4 "Constructivism Vygotsky & Bruner"
Did you have heard about constructivism
learning theory? Is it same with the behaviorism and cognitivism theory? Here
we will discuss about it.
Constructivism is a learning method that
human learning independently. They have to construct their own knowledge. Learning
is an active process, student must learn by their own self and develop it with
their experience. By learning in their self, students will understand and
memorizing the material easily. Knowledge also influence by their environment,
it influence how they think and what they think about. Each student have
different point of view, in the same lesson or activity the result of each
student can be different.
Lev Vygotsky
Vygotsky’s
best-known concept is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The ZPD has been
defined as “the distance between the actual developmental level as determined
by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as
determined through problem-solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration
with more capable peers” (Vygotsky, 1978, p. 86).
Jerome Bruner
Bruner (1966) states that a theory of
instruction should address four major aspects: (1) predisposition towards
learning, (2) the ways in which a body of knowledge can be structured so that
it can be most readily grasped by the learner, (3) the most effective sequences
in which to present material, and (4) the nature and pacing of rewards and
punishments. Good methods for structuring knowledge should result in
simplifying, generating new propositions, and increasing the manipulation of
information.
The principal in constructivism are :
- Instruction
must be concerned with the experiences and contexts that make the student
willing and able to learn (readiness).
- Instruction
must be structured so that it can be easily grasped by the student (spiral
organization).
- Instruction
should be designed to facilitate extrapolation and or fill in the gaps
(going beyond the information given).
I think constructivism method is very
suitable if we use it in this age, because nowadays student is required to have
ability in higher order thinking and critical thinking, it will helps them in the future. Maybe I
will use this method more than the others. The question is, are all students feels
comfortable with this method? Because it force the student to think higher.
Sources
and reference :
McLeod, S. A. (2019,
July 17). Constructivism as
a theory for teaching and learning. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/constructivism.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/edpsy/chapter/social-constructivism-vygotskys-theory/
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