Journal 3 "Cognitivism Piaget & Vygotsky"
Cognitivism learning theory have focuses in process not only in the result. Opposites from behaviorism that only focused on the result. Cognitivists put more focuse on internal process and connection in learning. They stated that learning it’s just not about stimulus and response connection but it’s about perception changes that cannot sees from outsides. We have two popular cognitivist there are Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky.
Piaget was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive learning theory. According to Piaget cognitive development is a genetic process that is biological mechanism of nervous system development. When an individual evolve into adult, they will experience biological adaptation to its environment and will cause qualitative changes in the cognitive structure. Piaget proposed four major stage of cognitive development there are :
1. The sensorimotor stage (birth – age 2) : The main characteristic on this stage is development of action which do step by step.
2. The preoperational stage (age 2 -7) : The main characteristic on this stage is using symbols or sign language. Children use their new ability to represent object in new variety of activities.
3. The concrete operational stage (age 7 -11) : The main characteristic on this stage is children started to use rules that is clear and logic. Their rules still seem very basic for adults.
4. The formal operational stage (age 11-beyond) : The main characteristic on this stage is they can do abstract and logic thinking with mindset of possibilities.
Vygotsky was a Russian teacher who is considered a pioneer in learning in social context. He was convinced that learning occurred trough interaction with others. Vygotsky’s best known concept is the Zone of Proximal Development(ZPD). Vygotsky said that children should be taught in the ZPD, which occurs when they can almost perform a task, but not quite on their own without assistance. Scaffolding is the temporary support that parents or teachers give a child to do a task. He purposed three category of student achievement to get a good result :
1. Student reach the good result
2. Student reach good result with other people help
3. Student failed to get good result.
Scaffolding means, teacher’s effort to guide the student to get god result. Teacher encouragement is very needed so that student achievement is very optimum.
From this cognitivism theory we have some advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are not force the abilities of the student and then the learning is centered on the student. And the disadvantages are lack of student discipline. I think cognitivism theory is better than behaviorism theory because it’s not only about the result of learning but it’s also about the process, so student can improve their self. Maybe I can use this cognitive method in learning but also I will integrate with other method. The question is, is cognitivism theory fit to use in elementary school? Because in cognitive method the student must be independent to solving the problem. Maybe it can work if it just not a complicated problem and the student familiar / capable to solve the problem.
Sources :
https://educationaltechnology.net/lev-vygotsky-sociocultural-theory-of-cognitive-development/
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